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Six Types of Founders and How They Influence the Success of Startups

Whether a startup becomes a success depends on a variety of factors. A big-data study shows how success can be predicted—and which types of founders have a particular knack for it.

16.03.2026
Philipp Nagels

I

It all starts with an idea—and then a lot of things have to go right for a startup to break through. The market, the product, the timing, and various other factors determine its success. The recipe for success is complex, which is one reason why investors widely diversify their investments in such companies.

Fabian Braesemann from the Oxford Internet Institute calls this the “watering can principle”: “You invest all across the board and hope to hit the jackpot.” Often, decisions are not particularly data-driven. The economist, who holds a doctorate, wants to change this through his research. Big data and AI will help make the complex world of startups a little more predictable.

Dr. Fabian Braesemann is a lecturer in artificial intelligence (AI) and the future of work at the Oxford Internet Institute at the University of Oxford. He is also an associated researcher at the Einstein Center Digital Future in Berlin, an associate faculty member at the Complexity Science Hub in Vienna, and managing director of the startup DWG Data Science. His research uses data science and AI to analyze complex economic and social systems. Braesemann is committed to promoting complex systems thinking across politics and society. The Dieter Schwarz Foundation supports the Oxford Internet Institute, specifically funding research programs on the topics of “technology and society” and “AI, government, and policy.” It also supports the project “The Science of Startups Initiative,” which is led by Braesemann.

Fabian Braesemann

The many different character traits of founders

Braesemann shows what this looks like in a study he conducted in 2023 with international research colleagues. The team analyzed more than 20,000 startups to determine the influence personality traits have in founding teams on the success of their companies.

Fundamental insight: founders exhibit different personalities than people who are employees. They show a greater preference for new and varied experiences, enjoy starting new things, and like to be the center of attention. Plus, they usually have lots of energy.

Another finding, however, is of particular interest. “Our analysis shows that there is no such thing as a typical personality type among founders, but rather six different types,” says Braesemann. The researchers describe these types in their model, which they call “FOALED” – an acronym for “Fighters,” “Operators,” “Accomplishers,” “Leaders,” “Engineers,” and “Developers”:

1. Fighters
Fighters tend to be spontaneous and impulsive, resilient, and rather skeptical in their basic approach. They pursue their goals uncompromisingly. Founders who fit this personality type can often be seen in positions such as CTO (Chief Technology Officer), CPO (Chief Product Officer), and CCO (Chief Commercial Officer).
2. Operators
Operator types are particularly conscientious, methodical, and at the same time rather modest. “You could imagine a service manager or a mechanic fitting into this category,” says Fabian Braesemann. “Someone who is willing to get their hands dirty.”
3. Accomplishers
Organized, sociable, and self-confident, accommodating and even-tempered – this is how researchers describe the ideal accomplisher. They often hold leadership positions such as CEO (Chief Executive Officer), CFO (Chief Financial Officer), or COO (Chief Operating Officer).
4. Leaders
“Leaders are the ones who bring the team together, have leadership skills, and/or talk to investors,” says Braesemann. They are adventurous, persistent, assertive, self-confident, and remain calm even in stressful situations.
5. Engineers
Engineers are characterized by a high degree of intellectual candor and imagination. As their name suggests, they are tinkerers and often work in product development or in the technical area of startup teams.
6. Developers
Developers are typically a type of founder with well-balanced personality traits. In startups, developers most often take on the role of chief innovation officer.

About Campus Founders:

Campus Founders is the startup and co-innovation hub in Heilbronn. Nine different programs support founders from initial idea development and validation to market readiness and sustainable scaling. The programs combine practical experience, advanced methods, financial startup assistance, a pool of mentors, and an international network. Campus Founders is funded by the Dieter Schwarz Foundation. The foundation provides comprehensive support for the startup culture in Heilbronn and invests in the further development of the local innovation ecosystem.

A diverse team is crucial for success

When asked which personality type most likely leads to success, the answer is: none in particular. According to Braesemann, what is more important is the number of people founding a company and the diversity of their personality traits: “Teams of founders are more likely to achieve an exit than solo entrepreneurs. It is important that people complement each other well.” A diverse team is particularly well equipped for the multifaceted tasks involved in setting up a startup.

Currently, Fabian Braesemann is collaborating with the Heilbronn-based startup and co-innovation hub, Campus Founders, to test an online tool that he and his team have developed to assist aspiring entrepreneurs in assessing their own personality in the context of founding a startup. The “Founder Personality Quiz” is designed to show them which tasks they should focus on themselves and which ones they should delegate to colleagues whose other personality types are better suited to them. Incubators could also benefit from the tool, says the researcher: “Knowing the personalities of the founders can help to provide startups with optimal support.”

The long-term goal: a “climate model” for the startup sector

In the long term, Braesemann wants to use the possibilities offered by big data and AI to create simulation models of entire startup ecosystems. This would enable evidence-based decision-making—both for policymakers, who set the framework for entrepreneurship, and for investment firms, which could use their financial resources in a more targeted fashion based on data. Models of this kind are still a long way off, but one thing is already clear from the research: the personalities of founders play a key role in the subsequent success of their companies.

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